complete oxidation of organic substances in the presence of oxygen is
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Oxygen is necessary for complete oxidation of glucose. Give scientific reasons.
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Oxygen is necessary for complete oxidation of glucose. Give scientific reasons.
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Updated on : 2022-09-05
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Scientifically, oxidation means addition of oxygen to a molecule. Various organic compounds such as carbohydrates, lipids and proteins are oxidised in presence of oxygen to release energy. The chemical bond energy which is stored in these molecules, is decomposed or oxidised in this process. Hence, complete oxidation of glucose requires oxygen. The net reaction is shown as:
6O 2 +C 6 H 12 O 6 +38ADP→38ATP+6CO 2 +6H 2 O.
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Fill in the blank and explain the statement.0 0 SIMILAR QUESTIONS
After complete oxidation of a glucose molecules, __________ number of ATP molecules are formed.
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Complete oxidation of 1 gm mol of glucose gives rise to ................. calories.
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In eukaryotes complete oxidation of a glucose molecule results in the net gain of how many ATP molecules?
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Complete oxidation of a molecule of glucose yields?
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During which stage in the complete oxidation of glucose are the greatest number of ATP molecules formed from ADP -
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The oxidation of glucose in the presence of oxygen is called respiration.
The oxidation of glucose in the presence of oxygen is called respiration.
Byju's Answer Standard IX Biology Aerobic Respiration The oxidation... Question
The oxidation of glucose in the presence of oxygen is called ___respiration.
Open in App Solution
The oxidation of glucose in the presence of oxygen to release energy (ATP) is called Aerobic respiration.
The general equation of aerobic respiration is as given below:
Glucose + oxygen→
Carbon-dioxide+ Water+ Energy
Aerobic respiration is breakdown of sugar/other food substances in presence of oxygen to released energy.
It includes glycolysis, Kreb cycle and electron transport chain.
Glycolysis and Kreb cycle produce reducing compounds NADH, FADH2 which are then oxidized in presence of oxygen by the process of chemiosmosis and reduce oxygen to water.
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SIMILAR QUESTIONS
Q. The complete conversion of glucose, in the presence of oxygen, into carbon dioxide and water with release of energy is calledQ. The complete conversion of glucose in the presence of oxygen into carbon dioxide and water with release of energy is calledQ.When respiration takes place in the presence of oxygen, it is called Anaerobic Respiration.
Q. Respiration that takes place in the presence of oxygen is calledQ. Which combination of statement is correct?(i) In aerobic respiration , glycolysis occurs in the cytoplasm of a cell.
(ii) In aerobic respiration, glycolysis cannot occur without the presence of oxygen.
(iii) In the process of glycolysis, glucose molecules are oxidised to produce the molecules of pyruvate.
(iv) In aerobic respiration , glycolysis occurs in the mitochondria of a cell.
(v) In aerobic respiration, oxidation of pyruvate molecules to produce
C O 2 , H 2 O
and energy, occurs in mitochondria.
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For complete oxidation reaction, 5.34kg of methanol can produce 1kg of hydrogen, or 33.3kWh (LHV) of energy in the form of hydrogen.
From: Current Trends and Future Developments on (Bio-) Membranes, 2019
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T.A. Semelsberger, in Encyclopedia of Electrochemical Power Sources, 2009
Complete oxidation
Complete oxidation occurs when the oxygen-to-carbon ratio is at least stoichiometric to produce carbon dioxide and water. The reactions are spontaneous and generate large amounts of energy. Oxidation reactions do not produce hydrogen (refer to Figure 4) and are therefore undesired if hydrogen is the sought-after product. The complete oxidation of DME is shown in eqn [III]:
[III]
(CH3)2O+3O2→2CO2+3H2O(v),ΔHro=−1316kJmol−1
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Potential microbial influence on the performance of subsurface, salt-based nuclear waste repositories
Juliet S. Swanson, ... Andrea Cherkouk, in The Microbiology of Nuclear Waste Disposal, 2021
5.5 Microbial generation of gas and ligands from waste transformation
Complete oxidation of waste organics will result in the generation of carbon dioxide. Carbonate species derived from dissolved CO2 can act as complexants for radionuclides, thereby enhancing their solubility and potential mobility. Thus, gas generation and the resulting carbonate species are the chief ligand concerns for most repository scenarios. To mitigate the effects of CO2 generation, engineered materials, such as MgO, may be added to sequester the gas and control its fugacity and to buffer pH (Wang and Francis, 2005). In order for carbonate complexation to be problematic, the microbes must be able to metabolize the diverse organics present in nuclear waste. These may include cellulosics, plastics, rubber (e.g., paper towels and laboratory gloves), radionuclide ligands (e.g., EDTA, citrate), surfactants, and solvents (e.g., CCl4) used as degreasers. In general, significant quantities of organics are limited to low-level or transuranic wastes; however, radiocarbon compounds, such as low-molecular-weight alcohols and organic acids can be generated from spent fuel matrix and cladding in high-level waste (Kaneko et al., 2003; Nübel et al., 2013). Performance models often assume that all these organics are adequate substrates for all microorganisms, that all carbon is completely oxidized, and that no carbon goes into biomass.
Cellulose is the organic of chief concern in transuranic wastes because it is the most abundant and most susceptible compound to microbial degradation (as compared to rubber and plastics). Many halophilic microorganisms possessing cellulase activity or capability of growth on cellulosic substrates have been reported, including Haloarcula, Halobacterium, Halosimplex, Halomicrobium, Halorubrum spp., and an unaffiliated species, isolated from hypersaline lake sediments and salterns (Birbir et al., 2007; Sorokin, 2015). A genomic screening for polysaccharide-degrading capability (e.g., xylan) among haloarchaea showed a correlation with organisms isolated from terrestrial environments (Anderson et al., 2011), although only 10 genomes were screened. Two fungi isolated from WIPP halite, one with documented ligninolytic capability (Cladosporium sp.; Gunde-Cimerman et al., 2009), were capable of growth on Kimwipes (Kimberly-Clark) and carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) as the sole carbon sources at 15% w/v NaCl (Swanson et al., 2013b). All of these experimental data were generated under aerobic conditions. Only one anaerobic, cellulolytic microorganism has been isolated from a hypersaline environment—Halocella halocellulolytica (Simankova et al., 1993; Simankova and Zavarzin, 1992). This organism was able to degrade cellulose (filter paper) in concentrations of NaCl up to 20%. Again, to the authors’ knowledge, no anaerobic extreme halophiles have been isolated from subterranean halite to date. In early cellulose degradation experiments carried out for the WIPP, Kimwipes underwent a significant change in appearance, and organic acids were produced during long-term, aerobic (Vreeland et al., 1998), and anaerobic incubations (Gillow and Francis, 2006) at high-salt concentrations. It should be noted that these latter studies used a combined inoculum of salt lake water, sediment, repository brine, and muck pile salt—i.e., salt excavated during the mining process and stored aboveground. The organisms present in these incubations were not characterized in detail but included Halorhabdus utahensis and a Haloarcula sp., capable of fermentation and denitrification, respectively (Gillow and Francis, 2006; Ichiki et al., 2001; Wainø et al., 2000).
It is possible that much of the organic carbon in waste will be recalcitrant to degradation in an anaerobic, hypersaline system. For example, natural cellulose fibers have been preserved in fluid inclusions extracted from halite. This recalcitrance to degradation may have been due to the lack of ionizing radiation, water availability for hydrolysis, and microbial activity (Griffith et al., 2008). Another potential radionuclide ligand is sulfide. Sulfidogenesis, from sulfate or thiosulfate, tends to decrease with increasing salinity. However, sulfidogenesis, especially from elemental sulfur, has been shown to occur in incubations of hypersaline sediments. This results in enrichment of known sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB) from the γ-Proteobacteria, as well as Halanaerobiaceae in these hypersaline sediments (Sorokin et al., 2012). Recently, two novel genera of anaerobic, sulfidogenic haloarchaea were isolated from hypersaline lake sediments—Halanaeroarchaeum sulfurireducens, which couples acetate oxidation with sulfur reduction, and lithoheterotrophic Halodesulfurarchaeum spp. (Sorokin et al., 2016, 2017). Several bacteria can produce siderophores in response to iron-limiting conditions. Five of seven tested haloarchaeal genera produced only carboxylate siderophores (Dave et al., 2006); while the genus Halobacterium was only able to use exogenous siderophores generated by other organisms (Sorokin et al., 2016, 2017; Hubmacher et al., 2002, 2007). Presumably, the waste-emplaced organisms originating from soil can produce siderophores, but their activity at high salt is uncertain.
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