describe the process of transportation of water and food in plants

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How are water and minerals transported in plants? Biology Q&A

In plants, minerals and water are transported through the xylem cells from soil to the leaves. The xylem cells of the stem, roots and leaves are interconnected forming a conducting channel

Byju's Answer Standard VII Biology

Transport of Nutrients

How are water... Question

How are water and minerals transported in plants?

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Water transport in plants:

Xylem transports plant water and minerals.

Root hair is the hair found in the roots of plants.

These root hairs absorb water and minerals from the soil because they are in direct contact with the water film between the soil particles.

Through the diffusion process, water enters the root hairs.

The xylem is made up of small vessels that connect the roots and leaves.

Xylem transports water, minerals, and nutrients from the soil to all the plant parts.

There are two types of "transport" tissues in plants- xylem and phloem.

Water and solutes are transported by the xylem from the roots to the leaves, and food is transported from the leaves to the rest of the plant by the phloem.

The process by which water evaporates from the leaves and draws more water from the roots is called ‘transpiration’.

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Science class 10: Transportation of food and water in Plants : UPSC Note on Science class 10: Transportation of food and water in Plants

Transport of Food, Water and Other Substances: Xylem tissue, Movement of Water during Transpiration in a tree etc.

Transportation of Food and Water in Plants

Transport of Food, Water and Other Substances: Xylem tissue, Movement of Water during Transpiration in a tree etc.

TABLE OF CONTENT

Xylem Phloem

The Xylem tissue transports water from the soil to the leaves. The root hairs take water from the soil, which is then transferred to the leaves by osmosis through the tissue xylem.

Minerals and water are carried from the soil to the plants via xylem cells in plants. Salts in the soil are absorbed by roots and subsequently translocated upwards with water via the xylem. The stem, roots, and leaves all have linked xylem cells that form a conducting channel that reaches all sections of the plant. Ions are obtained by the root cells from the soil, resulting in a differential in ion concentration between the roots and the soil. As a result, the xylem receives constant water flow.

These two pathways are developed as autonomously coordinated directing cylinders:

Xylem

It moves water and minerals acquired from the dirt

The tracheary components of xylem tissue are a group of specialised water-conducting cells

Formation of the xylem starts when the dividing cells of growing root and shoot tips, which results in primary xylem

Secondary xylem makes up the majority of a mature stem or root in woody plants, and it develops when the plant grows in girth and produces a ring of new xylem around the main xylem tissues

See more – UPSC syllabus pdf download

Phloem

Phloem is a kind of plant vascular tissue that transports foods produced in the leaves during photosynthesis to the rest of the plant

Phloem fibres, sieve elements, and phloem parenchyma cells are all types of specialised cells found in phloem

All vascular plants, including seedless club mosses and ferns, contain phloem

Transport of water

The roots, stems, and leaves’ xylem, vessels, and tracheids are interwoven to form a continuous system of water-conducting tubes that reaches all sections of the plant. From the roots, the system carries water and soluble essential minerals and nutrients throughout the plants.

Cells absorb and release water, and then pass it on to nearby cells, resulting in water transport at the cellular level. Osmosis, or passive diffusion of water over a membrane, allows water to enter and exit cells. Water goes from a greater water potential area to a lower water potential area in plants at all times.

Elements of xylem

Tracheids– Tracheids are made up of elongated cells with flat tapering ends xylem. The main function of tracheids is to provide a network of hollow connected cells for the transportation of water. They also provide mechanical support by developing various types of thickenings in their wall.Xylem vessels– xylem vessels consist of dead cells. They are wider than tracheids. Their cell walls are hard, thick and lignified. The main function of xylem vessels is to allow free flow of water and minerals from roots to leaves.Xylem parenchyma– They consist of living cells and act as the structural component of the xylem. The main function of xylem parenchyma is to store food in the plant body. They also help in the conduction of water and minerals.Xylem fibres– They also act as the structural component of xylem. They mainly function to support the plant.Read more about UPSC Notes

Transport of food and different substances

Food is transported from the leaves to other parts of the plant via the vascular tissue, called phloem. The term “translocation” refers to the process of transferring food. Plants move carbohydrates from areas with abundant carbs, such as mature leaves, to areas where they are needed via the phloem. Photosynthesis produces energy-rich carbon molecules, which are transferred out of the leaf to various organs and tissues.

The phloem also carries amino acids and other compounds. These compounds are primarily distributed to root, fruit, and seed storage organs, as well as growth organs.

Food and other substances are transported in the sieve tubes in both upward and downward directions with the aid of nearby partner cells.

Material like sucrose is moved into phloem tissue utilising energy from ATP.

This expands the solute strain of the tissue making water move into it.

This tension moves the material in the phloem to tissues that have less strain.

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Elements of Phloem

Sieve tubes– Sieve tubes facilitate the exchange of material between the element cells. They help in the transport of sugar and nutrients in the plant body.Companion cells– Companion cells have a nucleus and dense cytoplasm. They act as a companion for the sieve tubePhloem Parenchyma– The main function of phloem parenchyma is to provide mechanical strength to the plant.Phloem Fibres– Phloem fibres provide support and stand to the plant; it also stores compounds such as starch.

Conclusion

स्रोत : unacademy.com

Transportation in Plants: Concepts, Transport in Plants, Videos, Examples

Have you ever wondered how plants eat and drink? Or you thought they don't feed on anything? How does anything transport in plants? How do they survive? Yes, plants also drink and eat just like you do! Interested in knowing how? Read the chapter below!

Transportation in Animals and Plants

Transportation in Plants

Have you ever wondered how plants eat and drink? Or you thought they don’t feed on anything? How does anything transport in plants? How do they survive? Yes, plants also drink and eat just like you do! Interested in knowing how? Read the chapter below!

Table of content

1 Suggested Videos

2 Transportation In Plants

2.1 Why is Transportation An Essential Process?

2.2 The Process of Transportation

3 Question For You

Transportation In Plants

Transport in plants – plants are the type of organisms that have an autotrophic mode of nutrition. By taking in carbon dioxide from the air, minerals, and water from the soil, plants make their own food. After that, they release oxygen and water vapor. This process is Photosynthesis.

By this process, plants synthesize their food in the leaves. For trees, leaves are considered to be food factories. For the process of photosynthesis, raw materials should be transported to the leaves. For transport in plants, they need a transport system to move food, water, and minerals around because for them no heart, no blood, and since these plants do not have a circulatory system, transportation makes up for it.

Why is Transportation An Essential Process?

To circulate water, essential nutrients, excretory products, and gases within the plants for various purposes, transportation in plants is necessary. In vascular tissues, this transportation in the plant takes place. By a suction force, water and minerals are transported to various parts of the plant.

Vascular tissues are normally conducting tissues. The formation of these tissues can be done by xylem and phloem of a plant. Without the use of pump how water moves up the plant against gravity in tubes made of dead xylem cells can be explained by only the transportation process.

The Process of Transportation

In plants, there are pipe-like vessels through which water and minerals can enter the plants. These vessels are made up of elongated cells and thick walls. A group of cells forms a tissue that performs a specialized function within the organisms. These are conducting tissues. These conducting tissues are divided into two types which are xylem and phloem.

Xylem: It is a vascular tissue that spreads from the top to bottom of the plant. For the transport of water molecules, it helps a lot. It also plays a vital role in the case of dissolved substances from the root hairs to aerial parts of the plant. It transfers water in one direction. Commonly, xylem occupies the central part of the vascular bundle. It mainly includes different types of cells such as tracheid, vessels, and xylem parenchyma and xylem fibers.Phloem: It is also vascular tissue. In a plant where the necessity of food molecules is there, the use of the phloem transportation process will take place. Some elements are there in the phloem such as sieve elements, phloem parenchyma, fibers, and companion cells.

The transportation process in this tissue is bidirectional. In association with xylem, it forms vascular bundles. The edges of vascular bundles are occupied by phloem.

Question For You

Q. How do the cells function in potato?

Ans: First, peel a potato and then cut it into two pieces and in a bottom slice it and make a deep hole as it will look like a potato cup. In the cup put some sugar solution and note the level of sugar. By the use of pin pierce the outer wall of the potato.

Take one container full of water and place the potato partially dipped in it. For some time leave it and then we can see that the level of sugar increases, the reason is water moves from low concentration to a high concentration. This is an example of the transport of plants.

स्रोत : www.toppr.com

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Mohammed 14 day ago