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4 Different Types of Active Fall Protection for the Construction Industry
September 21, 2021 - In the construction industry, it's the employer's duty to prevent falls by maintaining a safe work environment through proper fall protection education, equipment, and training.
4 Different Types of Active Fall Protection for the Construction Industry
Updated August 8, 2019
All fall protection can be broken down into two main categories; active and passive. Of the two, passive controls are far safer, as it doesn’t require any interaction from the worker to be safe. In construction, however, it is rare to see opportunities where passive controls will be cost-effective or possible with building conditions.
With the need to use active fall protection, understanding the different types and applicable codes can create a safer work environment. It can also alleviate possible lawsuits or liability in the case of an accident.
In the construction industry, it's the employer's duty to prevent falls. The best way to do this is by maintaining a safe work environment through proper fall protection education, ensuring the use of appropriate personal protection equipment (PPE), and thorough training. It’s important to teach all workers that just because a task will only take a couple of minutes doesn’t mean you don’t need to wear PPE.
Categories of Fall Protection
All active fall protection for the construction industry falls into four basic categories: fall arrest, positioning, suspension, and retrieval. OSHA provides standards for each category of fall protection. Here are some basic explanations and links to each set of standards.
Functional Systems of Fall Protection
Fall Arrest OSHA 1926.502(d) - Fall arrest systems are required whenever a worker is exposed to a fall hazard. In the construction industry, OSHA defines a fall hazard as a drop of 6 feet or more from a working/walking surface to a lower level or grade. Some exceptions exist, including (but not limited to) ladders, scaffolding, and steelwork. Common fall arrest equipment includes an anchor point, body harness, and connector (such as a lanyard or self-retracting lifeline.
A full-body safety harness is your first line of defense. However, the kind of harness you need will depend on the type of work being done. It must be capable of supporting a person with a combined tool and body weight of 310 lbs, and must be used in conjunction with an anchorage device and deceleration device that limits the impact forces of a fall to 1,800 lbs. or less. For additional help selecting the right harness, check out our buyers' guide.
Lanyards are the one device that connects your harness to the anchor safely. These can range from a 50' SRL to a 2’ webbed lanyard. There are several different types of lanyards, all with specific purposes. Check out our additional resources on fall protection lanyards if you have any questions.
Anchor points are the final piece of the equation. Anchor points must be able to withstand 5000 lbs or twice the anticipated load of a person free falling a distance of 6’. It is crucial that all anchor points are engineered and installed by what OSHA defines as a qualified person. The harness and lanyard can only catch you if that they are attached to doesn’t break.
Positioning OSHA 1926.502(e) - Positioning systems allow the worker to sit back in their harness while performing work with both hands. The most common application is anytime you need to do work from a ladder. This type of protection is not designed to be used to arrest a fall and must be used in conjunction with a fall arrest system, such as body belts, harnesses, and components
Retrieval OSHA 1926.502(d)(20) - Otherwise known as a rescue plan, retrieval is a crucial step in the development of a fall protection plan. This system covers the post-fall scenario of retrieving a worker who has fallen. OSHA does not give any instructions regarding how to accomplish this but does say that there must be a plan in place.
Suspension OSHA 1926.452(o) - Suspension equipment systems are able to lower and support the worker providing for a hands-free work environment. This system is widely utilized by window washers and painters; a fall arrest system must be used alongside the suspension system.
If the fall risk is outside the range covered in the above categories there are other types of equipment that may be used to protect workers from falls. Technology is constantly allowing for better and safer methods to perform the same work. Let’s discuss the many options we have to help you work safely.
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Test Your Work At Height Safety Knowledge
Test Your Work At Height Safety Knowledge | Work At Height Safety Quiz. Test Your Knowledge Working At Height. Work At Height Safety Quiz By Health & Safety
WORKING AT HEIGHTS WORK AT HEIGHT SAFETY QUIZ
Test Your Work At Height Safety Knowledge | MCQs Test
By Health & Safety May 7, 2021
How To Prevent Falls Of Material From Height?
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Below Is Categorized As Special PPEs For Working At Height
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When It Is Not Possible To Install Fall Prevention Systems, What Will Be The Appropriate Measures To Carry Out Work At Height?
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Full Body Harness With Connector And Anchorage Used For _________
If There Is No Permanent Anchor Point On The Roof, What Will You Do To Anchor The Harness?
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How Do You Know That The Scaffolding Is Not Ready For Use?
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Understanding the Full Body Safety Harness
Discover a full breakdown of a fall protection safety harness and components. Learn what comprises a safety harness for fall protection systems!
Home » Blog » Equipment Descriptions » Understanding the Full Body Safety Harness; Functionality and Components
UNDERSTANDING THE FULL BODY SAFETY HARNESS; FUNCTIONALITY AND COMPONENTS
August 11, 2011
This blog was originally posted on 11/8/2011 and reviewed on 3/23/2021.
The full body safety harness is a key part of an active fall arrest system. The harness serves two purposes: first, distributing fall forces safely across a worker’s body in the event of a free fall, and second, providing freedom of movement sufficient to allow the worker to effectively perform his or her job. The full body harness combines the features of a sit harness, which supports the hips and upper legs, and a chest harness, which supports the shoulders and chest. When properly used, the full body design contains the human torso and aides in keeping it upright during a fall event.
Front-side-view of a standard full body safety harness.
Full body safety harnesses are manufactured from different types of fabric webbing that are sewn together to into various configurations or straps. Common harness webbing fabrics include nylon and polyester. Specialty fabrics like Kevlar are used for harnesses used in hazardous applications like welding and arc flash environments. The harness straps are tightened to the body with buckles. Common harness buckles include tongue, quick attachment, and spring tension buckles. A standard full body harness has straps and buckles that tighten around the shoulders, legs, and chest.
Full body safety harnesses are also designed with one or more attachment points. The attachment point can be a critical fall arrest system link like a back D-ring, or it can be a keeper for a lanyard that’s not in use. Attachment points are sewn into the harness webbing and can be made of stamped or forged metal, or plastic. The location of the attachment point is dependent upon the type of harness and what application it will be used in.
Standard fall arrest harnesses provide a single D-ring attachment on the back. This allows for attachment of a fall arrest lanyard and helps to keep the body upright during a fall event. Harnesses used in work positioning are designed with side D-rings which allow for easy attachment of positioning lanyards. Harnesses used in vertical fall protection systems allow for a guided fall arrester to be connected to a front D-ring.
Back-side-view of a standard full body safety harness.
All fully body safety harnesses have a rated capacity, or weight limit for the potential user. The rated capacity includes the harness components, the worker’s clothing, and any gear the worker will be using on the job. The capacity is specific to each make and model of harness, with the typical range being between 130-310 pounds. This capacity range comes from the ANSI equipment regulation that defines performance requirements for harnesses (note that there is no OSHA requirement for harness performance requirements). This means that ANSI rated harnesses on the market are for capacities only falling between 130 and 310 pounds.
There are safety companies manufacturing harnesses with capacities higher than 310 pounds, but these harnesses are technically not ANSI rated. Harness capacities should never be exceeded, because of the serious safety concerns that could occur during the arrest of a free fall. A fallen worker wearing a harness with a capacity that is either too low or too high could experience significant injury or death.
Choosing the right harness for each job and each worker is important. Application requirements, size, weight limit, number of attachment points, worker comfort, and freedom of worker movement while in the harness are all factors that must be considered when selecting a full body harness.
Thank you for reading,
Michael Evanko Marketing Manager
Note: Rigid Lifelines™ recommends that organizations which require harness capacities over 310 pounds consider implementing a screening process to ensure all workers are: (1) healthy enough to perform work at height, (2) healthy enough to perform self-rescue and (3) not susceptible to a rapid onset of suspension trauma. These are serious issues that can lead to death.
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