in mla documentation, how should the following parenthetical reference appear?

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Using MLA in

Modern Language Association Table of Contents

Using MLA in-text citations

General information about parenthetical citations

How do I cite sources in my paper?

The following instructions are basically the same for print sources and electronic sources. When you quote or paraphrase a specific portion of a text in a source, give enough information—most typically the author’s last name and the page number—to identify the exact location of the borrowed material. If you are using two sources from the same author, then you’ll need to reference both the title of the piece along with the author’s name either in the sentence itself or in the parenthetical citation. Use a comma between the last name and the title of the source if both appear in the parenthetical citation.

The parenthetical information should not repeat information given in your text (e.g., if you mention the author’s name in your text, you do not include it in the citation). For more information and example citations, see: Citing books, articles, and other sources parenthetically in your paper.

How should I format my quotations and citation information?

For direct references, paraphrases, and quotations that are shorter than four lines, include the citation information in parentheses at the end of the sentence directly following any quotation marks and right before the sentence’s ending punctuation.

Use the block quotation format for quotations more than four lines long: indent one half inch from the left margin, double space the quotation, and do not use quotation marks. Place the parenthetical citation after the period (or other mark of punctuation) that closes the block quotation.

When it comes to referencing numbers in parenthetical citations, do not include the word “page” or “pages” or the abbreviations “p.” or “pp.”—just the page numbers themselves. If an electronic source uses paragraph or section numbers instead of page numbers, use the appropriate abbreviation (e.g., “par.”; do not count paragraphs if they are not numbered in the electronic source; if an electronic source does not include page or paragraph numbers, don’t include any numbers in your citation).

When referring to plays, poems, or modern prose works that call attention to other divisions, in the parenthetical citation first include the page number, then provide any other identifying information—abbreviating terms like “chapter” and “section”—and then include the appropriate number. For more information, see: Abbreviating references to your sources

Citing books, articles, and other sources parenthetically in your paper

In conjunction with the explanations about structuring and formatting in–text citations detailed here, this page provides example citations for how a range of different source types are correctly referenced according to MLA’s citation guidelines.

– Author’s name in text

Magny develops this argument (67-69).

– Author’s name in reference

This argument has been developed elsewhere (Magny 67-69).

– Quotation found in indirect or “secondhand” source

The philosopher Alain states that “admiration is not pleasure but a kind of attention. . .” (qtd. in Magny 66).

– Material found in indirect source

Alain’s words seem to dissociate admiration from pleasure (in Magny 66).

– Two authors’ names in reference

The most notorious foreign lobby in Washington is the “Sugar Mafia” (Howe and Trott 134).

– Reference to volume and page in multivolume work

As a painter Andrea was “faultless” (Freedberg 1: 98).

– Reference to whole volume

In his second volume, Freedberg gives an account of Andrea’s whole painting career.

– Two works by same author on list of works cited

Frye connects Burgess’ A Clockwork Orange to romance tradition (Secular Scripture 110). And while this connection may be surprising given A Clockwork Orange‘s themes and content, Frye’s unique perspective on the nature of genres sheds light on this unusual combination (“Rhetorical Criticism: Theory of Genres”).

– Two locations in same source

Dabundo deals with this problem (22, 31).

– Two sources cited

This controversy has been addressed more than once (Dabundo 27; Magny 69).

– Personal interview; name given in text

Parsons addresses the need for physical education teachers to understand the relationship between physical activity and fitness.

– Corporate author

Many different types of organizations in the United States are involved in mediation and dispute resolution (Natl. Inst. for Dispute Resolution).

– Quotation from a play with page numbers

In A Raisin in the Sun, Walter doesn’t hide his disdain for his sister’s attitude towards his mother’s money: “the line between asking and just accepting when the time comes is big and wide—ain’t it!” he levels at Beneatha (Hansberry 37; act 1, scene 1).

– Quotation from a play with division and line numbers

This is made clear by the Duke’s recommendation that the best response to grief is to move on (Othello 1.3.208–209).

– Quotation from a poem

Amy Quan Barry asks piercingly, “What is it to know the absolute value / of negative grace . . .?”

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Overview

This guide contains examples of common citation formats in MLA (Modern Language Association) Style

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MLA Citation Style Guide: Overview

This guide contains examples of common citation formats in MLA (Modern Language Association) Style

Overview

Parenthetical Citations

Works Cited Citing Articles Toggle Dropdown Citing Books Toggle Dropdown

Web Pages and Blog Posts

Toggle Dropdown Audiovisual Media Images and Art Other Toggle Dropdown

About MLA Style

MLA (Modern Language Association) style is commonly used for citing references in the humanities. This guide is based on the 7th edition of MLA Handbook for Writers of Research Papers, published in 2009.

This edition is shelved in the Ready Reference area behind the Library's Circulation Desk and may be used in the library (it can't be checked out).

The call number is READY REF WZ 345 G437m 2009

MLA Handbook for Writers of Research Papers by Joseph Gibaldi; Modern Language Association of America Staff

ISBN: 9781603290241

Publication Date: 2009-01-01

In addition to providing guidance on grammar, the mechanics of writing, and MLA style, this manual offers an authoritative reference and citation system.

New Content in the 7th Edition

Some of the changes include:

Using italics instead of underlines.

All citations now include an indication of the medium of the source that was viewed (e.g. Print or Web)

Not including a URL when citing Web Resources unless specifically directed to do so by an instructor.

Attributions

Portions of this LibGuide have been copied, with permission, from the following institutions:

Jamestown Community College Hultquist Library

Penn State University Libraries

Red Deer College Library

General Guidelines

MLA Citation Style utilizes the following:

Parenthetical Citation (p. 214): All sources of information and data, whether quoted directly or paraphrased, are cited with parenthetical references IN THE TEXT of your paper. Usually the author's last name and a page number are used, as in the following example:

Medieval Europe was a place both of "raids, pillages, slavery, and extortion" (Townsend 10).

Works Cited (p. 123-135): All parenthetical citations must point to a corresponding entry in the Works Cited list, which appears at the end of a paper. The Works Cited entries are arranged alphabetically by the surname of the first author or by title or first word if there is no author, as in the following example:

Townsend, Robert M. The Medieval Village Economy. Princeton: Princeton UP, 1993. Print.

Formatting Guidelines

Double-space your entire paper, including the "Works Cited" list and any block quotes. (p. 116)

List "Works Cited" entries with a hanging indent. (p. 130-131)

Tip: Use your word processor's Help function to learn how to create a hanging indent:

Word 2013 - Adjust Indents and Spacing

Google Docs - Page Setup - Add a Hanging (Left) Indent

Capitalize all significant words in a title and subtitles. (p. 86-87)

Italicize book titles, journal titles, and titles of other works published independently. (p. 88)

Use quotation marks around the titles of works published as part of another work, such as a: journal article, short story, or essay in an anthology. (p. 89)

Omit any introductory article, such as the word "The" in a title. (p. 138).

Learn more about MLA Style

Modern Language Association website

MLA Sample Paper

About Plagiarism

Give credit to all sources from which you have taken information, whether you have directly quoted, paraphrased, or summarized the author’s words. Failing to document your sources constitutes plagiarism.

See Chapter 2 of the manual for more information about plagiarism and academic integrity.

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Laura Kane Email Me

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School of Medicine Library

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Last Updated: Feb 27, 2018 9:34 AM

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MLA Format Quiz Flashcards

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MLA Format Quiz

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what do you do if the authors name appears in the attribution.

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only the page number needs to go in the parentheses

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Terms in this set (9)

what do you do if the authors name appears in the attribution.

only the page number needs to go in the parentheses

how should a book be cited in mla format?

Author. Title. Edition.City of Publication: Publisher, Year. Medium of publication

Ex. Karaker, Jon. Where Men Win Glory: The Odyssey of Pat Tillman. New York: Random, 2009. Print

how should mla be formatted if there is two or more authors?

Reinhart, Carmen M., and Kenneth S. Rogoff. This Time Is Different: Eight Centuries of Financial Folly. Princeton: Princeton UP, 2009. Print.

Only the first authors name is given inverted form meaning you only put the first authors last name first.

does mla format require a title page

mla requires the first page of your paper to be

Double-spaced with a heading in the left corner with your name, your professor's name, the course, and the date