the schedule of indian constitution enumerates 22 languages

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Languages Included in the Eighth Schedule of the Indian Constitution

the Department of Official Language was set up in June 1975 as an independent Department of the Ministry of Home Affairs.

Languages Included in the Eighth Schedule of the Indian Constitution

Languages Included in the Eighth Schedule of the Indian Constitution Languages Included in the Eighth Schedule of the Indian Constitution

Assamese Bengali Bodo Dogri Gujarati Hindi Kannada Kashmiri Konkani Malayalam Manipuri Marathi Maithili Nepali Oriya Punjabi Sanskrit Santhali Sindhi Tamil Telugu Urdu

स्रोत : rajbhasha.gov.in

Eighth Schedule of the Indian Constitution

Eighth Schedule of the Indian Constitution

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Eighth Schedule of the Indian Constitution

04 Aug 2021 4 min read Tags: GS Paper - 2 Indian Constitution Diversity of India

Why in News

Recently, the Union Minister of Education has informed in the Lok Sabha about the various steps taken by the government to promote the Languages in Eighth Schedule.

Key Points

Eighth Schedule:About:

It lists the official languages of the republic of India. Part XVII of the Indian constitution deals with the official languages in Articles 343 to 351.

The Constitutional provisions related to the Eighth Schedule are:

Article 344: Article 344(1) provides for the constitution of a Commission by the President on expiration of five years from the commencement of the Constitution.Article 351: It provides for the spread of the Hindi language to develop it so that it may serve as a medium of expression for all the elements of the composite culture of India.

However, It can be noted that there is no fixed criteria for any language to be considered for inclusion in the Eighth Schedule.

Official Languages:

The Eighth Schedule to the Constitution consists of the following 22 languages:

Assamese, Bengali, Gujarati, Hindi, Kannada, Kashmiri, Konkani, Malayalam, Manipuri, Marathi, Nepali, Oriya, Punjabi,Sanskrit, Sindhi, Tamil, Telugu, Urdu, Bodo, Santhali, Maithili and Dogri.

Of these languages, 14 were initially included in the Constitution.

Sindhi language was added by the 21st Amendment Act of 1967.

Konkani, Manipuri, and Nepali were included by the 71st Amendment Act of 1992.

Bodo, Dogri, Maithili, and Santhali were added by the 92nd Amendment Act of 2003 which came into force in 2004.

Classical Languages:About:

Currently there are six languages that enjoy the ‘Classical’ status in India:

Tamil (declared in 2004), Sanskrit (2005), Kannada (2008), Telugu (2008), Malayalam (2013), and Odia (2014).

All the Classical Languages are listed in the Eighth Schedule of the Constitution.

Guidelines:

The Ministry of Culture provides the guidelines regarding Classical languages which are as given below:

High antiquity of its early texts/recorded history over a period of 1500-2000 years;

A body of ancient literature/texts, which is considered a valuable heritage by generations of speakers.

The literary tradition is original and not borrowed from another speech community.

The classical language and literature being distinct from modern, there may also be a discontinuity between the classical language and its later forms or its offshoots.

Benefits for Promotion: Once a language is notified as a Classical language, the Human Resource and Development Ministry provides certain benefits to promote it:Two major annual international awards for scholars of eminence in classical Indian languages.

A Centre of Excellence for studies in Classical Languages is set up.

The University Grants Commission is requested to create, to start with at least in the Central Universities, a certain number of Professional Chairs for the Classical Languages so declared.

Source: PIB

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8th Schedule of Indian Constitution

Schedule 8 of the Indian Constitution is dealt with Articles 344, 344(1) and 355 deal. There are 22 official languages in India. 8th schedule of the Indian Constitution deals with official languages. Read more to know about the 8th schedule for IAS Exam. For UPSC 2023 preparation, follow BYJU'S.

IAS PreparationUPSC Preparation StrategyList Of Languages In The 8th Schedule

8th Schedule of Indian Constitution - Official Languages

There are 22 official languages in India and they are covered under the 8th schedule of the Indian Constitution. Schedules in the constitution are important for aspirants to learn for IAS Exam and 8th schedule is one of these. This article will discuss the topic, ‘8th schedule of Indian Constitution,’ which is an important one from UPSC Polity syllabus.

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Articles related to 8th Schedule of Indian Constitution

There are a total of 12 Schedules in the Indian Constitution and each one is important. The Constitutional provisions relating to the 8th Schedule are in articles 344(1) and 351 of the Indian Constitution:

8th Schedule of Indian Constitution and the Articles related to itArticle 344 Committee and Commission of Parliament on official languageArticle 344(1)

establishment of a Commission by the President on the expiration of 5 years from the commencement of the Constitution and afterwards at the expiration of 10 years from such commencement

It should comprise of a Chairman and other members representing the various languages specified in the 8th Schedule to make recommendations to the President for the dynamic use of Hindi for official purposes of the Government of India.

Article 351 The duty of the Union to encourage the spread of the Hindi language to advance it so that it may serve as a medium of communication for all the components of the composite culture of India and to safeguard its enhancement by integrating without interfering with its genius, style and expressions used in Hindustani and in the other languages of India specified in the 8th Schedule, and by drawing, anywhere essential or required, for its terminology, mainly, on Sanskrit and secondarily on other languages.

To read more important articles in the Indian Constitution, follow the linked article.

Schedule 8 of the Indian Constitution – 22 Official Languages

Initially, there were 14 official languages. Now, there are 22 official languages in the 8th schedule of the Indian constitution. Check the list of languages below:

Language Spoken in Indian State of Year of Recognition

Assamese Assam 1950

Bengali West  Bengal 1950

Gujarati Gujarat 1950

Hindi North India 1950

Kashmiri Jammu & Kashmir 1950

Kannada Karnataka 1950

Malayalam Kerala 1950

Marathi Maharashtra 1950

Odia Odisha 1950 Punjabi Punjab 1950

Sanskrit Karnataka (Shivamogga District) 1950

Tamil Tamil Nadu 1950

Telugu Andhra Pradesh, Telangana 1950

Urdu Jammu & Kashmir, Telangana and Uttar Pradesh 1950

Sindhi Rajasthan, Gujarat and Madhya Pradesh 1967

Konkani Goa 1992

Manipuri Manipur 1992

Nepali Sikkim, Assam, Arunachal Pradesh 1992

Bodo Assam and Meghalaya 2004

Dogri Jammu and Himachal Pradesh 2004

Maithili Bihar and Jharkhand 2004

Santhali West Bengal, Jharkhand and Odisha 2004

For more details on the scheduled languages in India, aspirants can refer to the Indian Ministry of Home Affairs’ Department of Official Language Website (https://rajbhasha.gov.in/en/languages-included-eighth-schedule-indian-constitution.)

Special Directives

The Constitution of India contains certain special directives to protect the interests of linguistic minorities and to promote the development of Hindi language. The provisions are as followings:

1. Every aggrieved person has the right to submit a representation for the redress of any grievance to any officer or authority of the Union or a state in of the languages used in the Union or in the state, as the case may be. This means that a representation cannot be rejected on the ground that it is not an official language.

2. Every stat and a local authority in the state should provide adequate facilities for instruction in the mother-tongue at the primary stage of education to children belonging to linguistic minority groups. The president can issue necessary directions for this purposes.

3. The president should be appointed a special officer for linguistic minorities to investigate all matters relating to the constitutional safeguards for linguistic minorities and to report to him. The president should place all such reports before the Parliament and send to the stare government concerned.

Classical Language Status

In 2004, the government of India decided to create new category of languages called as “classical languages”. In 2006, it laid down the criteria for conferring the classical language status. The criteria is as follows:

A language must have its early texts recorded history over a period of 1500-2000 years

A body of ancient literature/texts which is considered a valuable heritage by generation of speakers and a literary tradition that is original and not borrowed from another speech community.

So far, as of 2016, six languages have been granted classical language status. Tamil was the first language granted in 2004 while Odia was the latest to be conferred classical language status in 2014.

स्रोत : byjus.com