when the speed of light is independent of direction the secondary waves are
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Relation between ray and wavefront is ______.
Relation between ray and wavefront is ______.
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Relation between ray and wavefront is ______.
OPTIONS
Rays are parallel to wavefront
Rays are at acute angle to wavefront
Rays are tangential to wavefront
Rays are perpendicular to wavefront
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SOLUTION
Relation between ray and wavefront is rays are perpendicular to wavefront.
Explanation:The new wavefront is the forward envelope of the secondary waves, according to Huygens' architecture. Secondary waves are spherical when the speed of light is independent of direction. The rays are perpendicular to the wavefronts at this point.
Concept: Huygens' Principle
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Assertion : Wavefronts obtained from light emitted by a point source in an isotropic medium are always spherical.
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Question
AssertionAssertion : Wavefronts obtained from light emitted by a point source in an isotropic medium are always spherical.
ReasonReason : Speed of light in isotropic medium is constant.
Reason : Speed of light in isotropic medium is constant. Assertion : Wavefronts obtained from light emitted by a point source in an isotropic medium are always spherical.
AIf both assertion and reason are true and reason is the correct explanation of assertion.
BIf both assertion and reason are true and reason is not the correct explanation of assertion.
CIf assertion is true but reason is false
DIf both assertion and reason are false
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Updated on : 2022-09-05
Solution Verified by Toppr
Correct option is A)
When the speed of light is independent of direction, the secondary waves are spherical.
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Seismic wave
Other articles where secondary wave is discussed: seismic wave: …recording station faster than the secondary, or S, wave. P waves, also called compressional or longitudinal waves, give the transmitting medium—whether liquid, solid, or gas—a back-and-forth motion in the direction of the path of propagation, thus stretching or compressing the medium as the wave passes any one point in a…
secondary wave
secondary wave
seismology
Alternate titles: S wave, S-wave
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definition
In seismic wave
…recording station faster than the secondary, or S, wave. P waves, also called compressional or longitudinal waves, give the transmitting medium—whether liquid, solid, or gas—a back-and-forth motion in the direction of the path of propagation, thus stretching or compressing the medium as the wave passes any one point in a…
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earthquakes
In earthquake: Principal types of seismic waves
…type of body wave, the S wave, travels only through solid material. With S waves, the particle motion is transverse to the direction of travel and involves a shearing of the transmitting rock.
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Earth’s composition and structure
In Earth exploration: Seismic refraction methods
…body: P waves (primary) and S waves (secondary). P waves are compressional waves and travel at the highest velocity; hence, they arrive first. S waves are shear waves that travel at a slower rate and are not able to pass through liquids that do not possess shear strength. In addition,…
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infrasonics
In infrasonics
…of earthquake waves exist: the S-wave, a transverse body wave; the P-wave, a longitudinal body wave; and the L-wave, which propagates along the boundary of stratified mediums. L-waves, which are of great importance in earthquake engineering, propagate in a similar way to water waves, at low velocities that are dependent…
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seismograph
In seismograph: Applications of the seismograph
… in the direction of propagation), S waves (transverse waves—that is, waves that vibrate at right angles to the direction of propagation), and surface waves (compression waves with no vertical or longitudinal components). In the case of distant earthquakes or of nearby very large earthquakes, the seismogram pattern is more complicated…
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seismic wave
Written and fact-checked by The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica
Last Updated: Article History
Key People: Inge Lehmann Sir Harold Jeffreys Beno Gutenberg
Related Topics: seismic discontinuity earthquake magnitude seismic ray surface wave body wave
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seismic wave, vibration generated by an earthquake, explosion, or similar energetic source and propagated within the Earth or along its surface. Earthquakes generate four principal types of elastic waves; two, known as body waves, travel within the Earth, whereas the other two, called surface waves, travel along its surface. Seismographs record the amplitude and frequency of seismic waves and yield information about the Earth and its subsurface structure. Artificially generated seismic waves recorded during seismic surveys are used to collect data in oil and gas prospecting and engineering.
Watch P waves (primary waves) travel through an elastic mediumSee all videos for this article
Of the body waves, the primary, or P, wave has the higher speed of propagation and so reaches a seismic recording station faster than the secondary, or S, wave. P waves, also called compressional or longitudinal waves, give the transmitting medium—whether liquid, solid, or gas—a back-and-forth motion in the direction of the path of propagation, thus stretching or compressing the medium as the wave passes any one point in a manner similar to that of sound waves in air. In the Earth, P waves travel at speeds from about 6 km (3.7 miles) per second in surface rock to about 10.4 km (6.5 miles) per second near the Earth’s core some 2,900 km (1,800 miles) below the surface. As the waves enter the core, the velocity drops to about 8 km (5 miles) per second. It increases to about 11 km (6.8 miles) per second near the centre of the Earth. The speed increase with depth results from increased hydrostatic pressure as well as from changes in rock composition; in general, the increase causes P waves to travel in curved paths that are concave upward.
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S waves travel through an elastic medium in curved paths and shear the medium in one direction and then anotherSee all videos for this article
S waves, also called shear or transverse waves, cause points of solid media to move back and forth perpendicular to the direction of propagation; as the wave passes, the medium is sheared first in one direction and then in another. In the Earth the speed of S waves increases from about 3.4 km (2.1 miles) per second at the surface to 7.2 km (4.5 miles) per second near the boundary of the core, which, being liquid, cannot transmit them; indeed, their observed absence is a compelling argument for the liquid nature of the outer core. Like P waves, S waves travel in curved paths that are concave upward.
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