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Gay Marriage Around the World

A growing number of governments around the world are considering whether to grant legal recognition to same-sex marriages. So far, 30 countries and

Same-Sex Marriage Around the World

BY DAVID MASCI, ELIZABETH PODREBARAC SCIUPAC AND MICHAEL LIPKA

A growing number of governments around the world are considering whether to grant legal recognition to same-sex marriages. So far, 30 countries and territories have enacted national laws allowing gays and lesbians to marry, mostly in Europe and the Americas. In Mexico, some jurisdictions allow same-sex couples to wed, while others do not.

Below is a list of countries that have legalized the practice, with the most recent countries to do so shown first.

Countries that allow same-sex marriage

Alphabetical list of countries

Argentina (2010) Australia (2017) Austria (2019) Belgium (2003) Brazil (2013) Canada (2005) Colombia (2016) Costa Rica (2020) Denmark (2012) Ecuador (2019)

England/Wales (2013)

Finland (2015) France (2013) Germany (2017) Greenland (2015) Iceland (2010) Ireland (2015) Luxembourg (2014) Malta (2017)

The Netherlands (2000)

New Zealand (2013)

Northern Ireland (2019)

Norway (2008) Portugal (2010) Scotland (2014) South Africa (2006) Spain (2005) Sweden (2009) Taiwan (2019)

United States (2015)

Uruguay (2013)

In May 2020, Costa Rica became the first Central American country to legalize same-sex marriage. The country’s highest court in 2018 ruled that the nation’s law banning same-sex marriage was unconstitutional and said the ban would be nullified in 18 months unless the legislature acted before then, which it did not.

In October 2019, same-sex marriage became legal in Northern Ireland. Although Northern Island is a constituent of the United Kingdom, with its own parliament at Stormont, the change in its marriage laws ultimately came about due to action by the UK’s Parliament in London. British lawmakers justified the change (which was accompanied by the legalization of abortion) because the Northern Irish parliament was suspended in January 2017 due to a stalemate between Northern Ireland’s parties.

Northern Ireland had been the last part of the UK where same-sex marriage was banned; England and Wales moved to allow gay and lesbian couples to wed in 2013 and Scotland followed in 2014 (see below).

On June 12, Ecuador’s Constitutional Court ruled that that same-sex couples have a right to marry. The decision, which went into effect immediately, makes the Andean mountain nation the fifth country in Latin America to allow gays and lesbians to wed.

On May 17, 2019, Taiwan’s legislature passed a bill legalizing same-sex marriage and making the island nation the first country in Asia to permit gays and lesbians to wed. The vote in Taiwan’s Legislative Yuan (the official name of Taiwan’s unicameral parliament) was prompted by a 2017 decision by the country’s Constitutional Court, which struck down a law defining marriage as being between a man and woman. The court gave the nation’s legislature until May 24, 2019, to change Taiwan’s marriage laws to accommodate same-sex couples.

On Jan. 1, 2019, Austria joined the vast majority of Western European countries in legalizing same-sex marriage. The country had granted gay and lesbian couples the right to enter into a civil partnership in 2010. But in 2017, Austria’s highest court ruled that these partnerships are inherently discriminatory. The court also ruled that, unless the country’s legislature passed a law to the contrary, gays and lesbians should be allowed to wed by Jan. 1, 2019. Austria’s legislature did not act to counter the ruling, leading to the first same-sex weddings at the beginning of 2019.

On Dec. 7, 2017, the Australian Parliament passed legislation allowing gay and lesbian couples to legally wed. Passage came just three weeks after Australians voted in favor of legalizing same-sex marriage, by a 62% to 38% margin, in a non-binding, nationwide referendum. Along with New Zealand, Australia became the second country in the Asia-Pacific region to make same-sex marriage legal.

Malta’s parliament almost unanimously voted to legalize same-sex marriage in July 2017, despite opposition from the Catholic Church on the small Mediterranean island.

On June 30, 2017, Germany became the 15th European country to enact legislation allowing same-sex couples to wed. The 393-226 vote in the nation’s Bundestag (or Parliament) came just days after Chancellor Angela Merkel surprised many by saying that members of her ruling Christian Democratic Union should be able to vote their conscience on the issue even though the party formally opposes same-sex marriage.

On April 28, 2016, Colombia became the fourth country in Catholic-majority South America to legalize same-sex marriage, following Argentina, Uruguay and Brazil. The country’s Constitutional Court, by a 6-3 vote, ruled that that “all people are free to choose independently to start a family in keeping with their sexual orientation … receiving equal treatment under the constitution and the law,” according to the wire service Agence France-Presse.

स्रोत : www.pewresearch.org

Timeline of same

Timeline of same-sex marriage

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Part of the LGBT rights series

Legal status of same-sex unions hide Marriage Andorra Argentina Australia Austria Belgium Brazil Canada Chile Colombia Costa Rica Cuba Denmark Ecuador Finland France Germany Iceland Ireland Luxembourg Malta Mexico Netherlands1 New Zealand2 Norway Portugal Slovenia South Africa Spain Sweden Switzerland Taiwan United Kingdom3 United States4 Uruguay show Civil unions and

registered partnerships

show Common-law marriage show Minimal recognition show See also show Notes LGBT portal v t e Part of a series on LGBT rights

Lesbian ∙ Gay ∙ Bisexual ∙ Transgender

hide Overview Rights Movements Student Germany (pre-1933) United States Intersex rights Social attitudes Transgender rights Legal status Movement show Aspects show Opposition show Organizations show Politics show Timeline show Related LGBT portal v t e

This article contains a timeline of significant events regarding same-sex marriage and legal recognition of same-sex couples worldwide. It begins with the history of same-sex unions during ancient times, which consisted of unions ranging from informal and temporary relationships to highly ritualized unions, and continues to modern-day state-recognized same-sex marriage. Events concerning same-sex marriages becoming legal in a country or in a country's state are listed in bold.

Summary of 21st century[edit]

The summary table below lists in chronological order the sovereign states (United Nations member states plus Taiwan) that have legalized same-sex marriage. As of February 2023, 34 states have legalized.

Dates are when marriages between same-sex couples began to be officially certified. When distinguished, the initial date is the date of legalization in the first subnational jurisdiction (state, province or constituent country), and the second is the completion date for all jurisdictions, not counting external territories or (in the case of the US) semi-sovereign tribal jurisdictions. A dash indicates that same-sex marriage is not (yet) legal in all jurisdictions. This is the case for the Kingdom of the Netherlands, where the constituent countries of Aruba, Curaçao and Sint Maarten have not legalized.

Member state First jurisdiction National ruling or

final jurisdiction Netherlands 2001 — Belgium 2003 Canada 2003 2005

United States* 2004 2015

Spain 2005 South Africa 2006 Norway 2009 Sweden 2009 Mexico 2010 2022 Portugal 2010 Iceland 2010 Argentina 2010 Brazil 2012 2013 Denmark 2012 2017 France 2013 Uruguay 2013 New Zealand* 2013

United Kingdom* 2014 2020

Luxembourg 2015 Ireland 2015 Colombia 2016 Finland 2017 Malta 2017 Germany 2017 Australia 2017 Austria 2019 Taiwan 2019 Ecuador 2019 Costa Rica 2020 Chile 2022 Switzerland 2022 Slovenia 2022 Cuba 2022 Andorra 2023

* State controls one or more territories where same-sex marriage is not legal.

Ancient times[edit]

Main article: History of same-sex unions

Various types of same-sex marriages have existed,[1] ranging from informal, unsanctioned relationships to highly ritualized unions.[2]

Cicero mentions the marriage (using the Latin verb for "to marry", i.e. nubere) of the son of Curio the Elder, but he does it in a metaphorical form to criticize his enemy Antonius. Cicero states thus that the younger Curio was "united in a stable and permanent marriage" to Antonius.[3] Martial also mentions a number of same-sex marriages, but always in derisory terms against people whom he wants to mock.[4]

Practices and rituals for same sex unions were more recognized in Mesopotamia than in ancient Egypt.[5] In ancient Assyria, there was considered to be nothing wrong with homosexual love between men.[6][7][8] The Almanac of Incantations contained prayers giving equal standing to the love of a man for both a woman and a man.[9]

At least two of the Roman Emperors were in same-sex unions; and in fact, thirteen out of the first fourteen Roman Emperors held to be bisexual or exclusively homosexual.[10] The first Roman emperor to have married a man was Nero, who is reported to have married two other men on different occasions. First with one of his freedmen, Pythagoras, to whom Nero took the role of the bride, and later as a groom Nero married a young boy, who resembled one of his concubines,[11] named Sporus.

Adolescent emperor Elagabalus referred to his chariot driver, a blond slave from Caria named Hierocles, as his husband.[12] He also married an athlete named Zoticus in a lavish public ceremony in Rome amidst the rejoicings of the citizens.[13]

These same-sex marriages continued until Christianity became the official religion of the Roman Empire. A law in the Theodosian Code ( 9.7.3) was issued in 342 AD by the Christian emperors Constantius II and Constans. This law prohibited same-sex marriage in ancient Rome and ordered that those who were so married were to be executed.[14][15]

स्रोत : en.wikipedia.org

What was the first country to legalize gay marriage?

"Civilization as we know it did not end," says one former lawmaker.

What was the first country to legalize gay marriage?

By Adam Taylor

June 26, 2015 at 12:51 p.m. EDT

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Guests celebrate the unveiling of a plaque by Amsterdam Mayor Job Cohen on Feb. 14, 2007, commemorating the first same-sex marriage in Amsterdam. (Robin Utrecht/AFP/Getty Images)

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With a landmark Supreme Court decision Friday, the United States became the 17th country to legalize same-sex marriage. But what was the first?

The Danish were the first to grant same-sex unions almost the exact same rights as marriages, with its Registered Partnerships Act of 1989. However, the law stopped short of calling same-sex unions "marriages," and couples could not be married in the Danish state church or adopt a child.  Even so, the law was viewed as an important stepping stone at the time.

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''The only way to be able to move anything is to be open about it," Eigil Axgil, 67, who entered a union with his partner on the day the law passed, told the New York Times in 1989. ''You have to say that this is the way I am so society can be open to you. If everyone follows this lead in Denmark, if everyone goes out and says this is the way they are and go out of the closet, this event will also happen in the rest of the world.''

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And people did follow Denmark's lead: During the 1990s, a number of other countries and regions introduced laws that granted same-sex unions similar rights to marriages. It wasn't until 2001, however, that a country fully legalized same-sex marriage. That country was the Netherlands.

The Dutch law went further than Denmark's, effectively eliminating any distinction at all between heterosexual and homosexual marriage. When it passed parliament in 2000 (it would not become law until a few months later), The Washington Post's Keith Richburg noted that it seemed to "add to the Netherlands' reputation in Europe and beyond for enacting laws that many hail as signs of tolerance and others decry as laxity."

The vote had been a foregone conclusion, and government officials seemed bemused by the global attention. "The discussion was years ago," a spokeswoman for the Dutch Embassy told The Post. "We are always a bit ahead of other countries. We had those discussions years before other countries even started."

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Again, other countries followed the Dutch lead. Belgium legalized same-sex marriage in 2003, and many others have since then (the Danish fully legalized it in 2012). So far in 2015, four countries have legalized same-sex marriage, including the United States.

So how has the Netherlands coped since legalizing gay marriage? Even some of its fiercest Dutch critics now say it was a good move.

"At the time I opposed same-sex marriage, I was led by fear," Hannie van Leeuwen, leader of the Christian Democrat party and opponent to the gay marriage law, was reported to have said just a few years later. "Having seen so many happy gay and lesbian couples getting married, I realize I was wrong. I don't understand anymore what made me treat gays and lesbians differently from other citizens."

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And evidence suggests that while discrimination was far from totally eradicated by the Netherland's gay marriage law, the institution of marriage has suffered no ill effects at all.

"Heterosexual couples did not turn away from the institution of marriage, nor did the world isolate my country," Boris Dittrich, a former member of Netherland's parliament, wrote in 2011. "Civilization as we know it did not end. And, as far as I can tell, God did not punish the Netherlands."

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स्रोत : www.washingtonpost.com