which element has the highest ionization energy

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The Parts of the Periodic Table

Data taken from John Emsley, , 3rd edition.  Oxford:  Clarendon Press, 1998.

The ionization energy of an atom is the amount of energy that is required to remove an electron from a mole of atoms in the gas phase:

M(g)  ®  M+(g)  +  -

It is possible to remove more electrons from most elements, so this quantity is more precisely known as the first ionization energy, the energy to go from neutral atoms to cations with a 1+ charge.  The second ionization energy is the energy that is required to remove a second electron, to form 2+ cations from 1+ cations:

M+(g)  ®  M2+(g)  +  -

The third ionization energy is the energy required to form 3+ cations:

M2+(g)  ®  M3+(g)  +  -

and so on.  Ionization energies are always numbers, because energy must be supplied (an endothermic energy change) to separate electrons from atoms.  The second ionization energy is always larger than the first ionization energy, because it requires even more energy to remove an electron from a cation than it is from a neutral atom.

The first ionization energy varies in a predictable way across the periodic table.  The ionization energy , and .  Thus, helium has the largest first ionization energy, while francium has one of the lowest.

From top to bottom in a group, orbitals corresponding to higher values of the principal quantum number () are being added, which are on average further away from the nucleus.  Since the outermost electrons are further away, they are less strongly attracted by the nucleus, and are easier to remove, corresponding to a lower value for the first ionization energy.

From left to right across a period, more protons are being added to the nucleus, but the number of electrons in the inner, lower-energy shells remains the same.  The valence electrons feel a higher — the sum of the charges on the protons in the nucleus and the charges on the inner, core electrons.  The valence electrons are therefore held more tightly, the atom decreases in size (see atomic radius), and it becomes increasingly difficult to remove them, corresponding to a higher value for the first ionization energy.

The following charts illustrate the general trends in the first ionization energy:

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List of Elements in Order of Ionization Energy (eV)

List of chemical elements in order of ionization energy. Learn the ionization energy of the elements in periodic table and list atomic numbers and chemical symbols.

List of Elements in Order of Ionization Energy (eV)

List of elements ordered by ionization energy is listed in the table below with atomic number, chemical symbol and ionization energy (eV). To list the elements order by ionization energy, click on the table headers. You can print the list of elements by hitting the print button below.

The element which has the highest ionization energy is Helium with 24.58741 eV. And the element which has the lowest ionization energy is Caesium in 3.8939 eV.

Atomic Number Chemical Symbol Element Name Ionization Energy (eV)

2 He Helium 24.58741

10 Ne Neon 21.5646

9 F Fluorine 17.42282

18 Ar Argon 15.75962

7 N Nitrogen 14.53414

36 Kr Krypton 13.99961

8 O Oxygen 13.61806

1 H Hydrogen 13.59844

17 Cl Chlorine 12.96764

54 Xe Xenon 12.1298

35 Br Bromine 11.81381

6 C Carbon 11.2603 86 Rn Radon 10.7485

15 P Phosphorus 10.48669

53 I Iodine 10.45126

80 Hg Mercury 10.4375

16 S Sulfur 10.36001

33 As Arsenic 9.7886

34 Se Selenium 9.75238

30 Zn Zinc 9.3942

4 Be Beryllium 9.3227

79 Au Gold 9.2255

52 Te Tellurium 9.0096

48 Cd Cadmium 8.9938

77 Ir Iridium 8.967

78 Pt Platinum 8.9587

51 Sb Antimony 8.6084

76 Os Osmium 8.4382

84 Po Polonium 8.417

46 Pd Palladium 8.3369

5 B Boron 8.29803

14 Si Silicon 8.15169

26 Fe Iron 7.9024

32 Ge Germanium 7.8994

28 Ni Nickel 7.881 74 W Tungsten 7.864

75 Re Rhenium 7.8335

29 Cu Copper 7.72638

12 Mg Magnesium 7.64624

27 Co Cobalt 7.6398 47 Ag Silver 7.5762

73 Ta Tantalum 7.5496

45 Rh Rhodium 7.4589

25 Mn Manganese 7.43402

82 Pb Lead 7.41666

44 Ru Ruthenium 7.3605

50 Sn Tin 7.3439

83 Bi Bismuth 7.2856

43 Tc Technetium 7.28

42 Mo Molybdenum 7.09243

22 Ti Titanium 6.8281

72 Hf Hafnium 6.82507

24 Cr Chromium 6.7665

41 Nb Niobium 6.75885

23 V Vanadium 6.7462

102 No Nobelium 6.65

40 Zr Zirconium 6.6339

101 Md Mendelevium 6.58

21 Sc Scandium 6.5615

100 Fm Fermium 6.5

99 Es Einsteinium 6.42

90 Th Thorium 6.3067

98 Cf Californium 6.2817

93 Np Neptunium 6.2657

70 Yb Ytterbium 6.25416

39 Y Yttrium 6.2171

97 Bk Berkelium 6.1979

92 U Uranium 6.19405

69 Tm Thulium 6.18431

64 Gd Gadolinium 6.1501

20 Ca Calcium 6.11316

81 Tl Thallium 6.1082

68 Er Erbium 6.1077

94 Pu Plutonium 6.0262

67 Ho Holmium 6.0215

104 Rf Rutherfordium 6

31 Ga Gallium 5.9993

96 Cm Curium 5.9915

13 Al Aluminium 5.98577

95 Am Americium 5.9738

66 Dy Dysprosium 5.9389

91 Pa Protactinium 5.89

65 Tb Terbium 5.8638

49 In Indium 5.78636

38 Sr Strontium 5.6949

63 Eu Europium 5.6704

62 Sm Samarium 5.6436

61 Pm Promethium 5.582

57 La Lanthanum 5.5769

58 Ce Cerium 5.5387

60 Nd Neodymium 5.525

59 Pr Praseodymium 5.473

71 Lu Lutetium 5.4259

3 Li Lithium 5.39172

88 Ra Radium 5.2784 56 Ba Barium 5.2117 89 Ac Actinium 5.17

11 Na Sodium 5.13908

103 Lr Lawrencium 4.9

19 K Potassium 4.34066

37 Rb Rubidium 4.17713

87 Fr Francium 4.0727

55 Cs Caesium 3.8939

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What elements have the highest ionisation energy ?

What elements have the highest ionisation energy ?

Byju's Answer Standard X Chemistry Metals What elements... Question

What elements have the highest ionisation energy ?

Open in App Solution

Ionisation energy is the quantity of energy needed to remove an electron from an atom.

The ionisation energy of an atom is directly proportional to the effective nuclear charge of an atom/ion.

Hence, ionisation increases left to right in a period and is observed to be highest for noble gases.

Noble gases are a stable system with a complete octet and hence will require the highest energy to remove an electron.

Example: Argon (Ar), Neon (Ne)

Therefore, noble gases will have the highest ionisation energy.

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SIMILAR QUESTIONS

Q.

The element having highest ionisation potential is:

Q. Which element has the highest ionisation energy and lowest ionisation energy?Q.

Amongst the following elements (whose electronic configurations are given below), the one having the highest ionisation energy is

Q.

Amongst the elements with following electronic configurations, which one may have the highest ionisation energy? [CBSE AIPMT 2009]

Q. Which element having highest ionisation energy ?

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Standard X Chemistry

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