which native states have not signed in the merger agreement by 1949
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Tripura Merger Agreement
Tripura Merger Agreement
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
The State of Tripura was one of the ancient princely states of India. According to the (the ), Tripura was ruled continuously by as many as 184 Tripuri Kings with sovereign and independent status prior to its merger with the Indian Union in 1949, after the death of the last ruling King, Bir Bikram Kishore Debbarman. His successor, Kirit Bikram Kishore Deb Barman, was thirteen years old at the time of the merger. King Bir Bikram Kishore Debbarman had died in 1947, after which a Council of Regency was formed to run the administration under the presidency of Queen Kanchan Prava Devi, mother of Kirit Bikram Kishore Deb Barman.
Within a few months after the unnatural demise of King Bir Bikram Kishore Debbarman, Tripura faced a great crisis, with threats from internal as well as external forces such as the East Pakistan. Queen Kanchan Prava Devi, as president of the Council of Regency, came under severe pressure to opt to join the Indian Union. On the advice of the Government of India, she dissolved the Council of Regency and became the sole Regent on 12 January 1948. More than a year later, on 9 September 1949, she signed the 'Tripura Merger Agreement', and with effect from 15 October 1949 Tripura became part of Indian Union. It was thereafter administered by the Chief Commissioner as a 'C' Category State.
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Tripura Merger AgreementAGREEMENT made this ninth day of September 1949, between the Governor-General of India and His Highness the Maharaja of Tripura.[1]WHEREAS in the best interests of the State of Tripura as well as the Dominion of India it is desirable to provide for the administration of the said State by or under the authority of the Dominion Government:—
It is hereby agreed as follows:—
Article I[edit]
The Maharaja of Tripura cedes to the Dominion Government full and exclusive authority, jurisdiction and powers for and in relation to the governance of the State and agrees to transfer the administration of the State to the Dominion Government on the fifteenth day of October 1949 (herineafter referred to as the said day).[1]
Article II[edit]
The Maharaja shall with effect from the said day be entitled to receive from revenues of the State annually for his privy purse the sum of Rupees Three lakhs and thirty thousand only [R330,000] free of taxes. This amount is intended to cover all the expenses of the Ruler and his family, including expenses on account of his personal staff, maintenance of his residences, marriages and other ceremonies etc. and will neither be increased nor reduced for any reason whatsoever.[1] The said sum may be drawn by the Maharaja in four equal installments in advance at the beginning of each quarter from the State Treasury or at such other treasury as may be specified by the Government of India.[1]
Article III[edit]
The Maharaja shall be entitled to the full ownership, use and enjoyment of all private properties (as distinct from State properties) belonging to him on the date of this agreement.[1]
The Maharaja will furnish to the Dominion Government, before 10 October 1949, an inventory of all the immovable property, securities and cash balances held by him as such private property.[1]
If any dispute arises as to whether any item of property is the private property of the Maharaja or State property, it shall be referred to a judicial officer qualified to be appointed a High Court judge and the decision of that officer shall be final and binding on both parties.[1]
Article IV[edit]
The Maharaja shall be entitled to all the personal rights, privileges, immunities and dignities enjoyed by him as the Ruler of Tripura, whether within or without the State, immediately before 15 August 1947.
Article V[edit]
All the members of the Maharaja's family including Her Highness the Rajmata shall be entitled to all the personal privileges and titles enjoyed by them, whether within or without the territories of the State, immediately before the 15th day of August, 1947.[1]
Article VI[edit]
The Dominion Government guarantees the succession, according to law and custom, to the of the State and to the Maharaja's personal rights, privileges, dignities and titles.[1]
Article VII[edit]
No enquiry shall be made by or under the authority of the Government of India and no proceedings shall lie in any Court of Tripura against His Highness the Maharaja or Her Highness the Maharani Regent whether in a personal capacity or otherwise in respect of anything done or omitted to be done by them under their authority during the period of Regency administration of the State.[1]
Article VIII[edit]
The Government of India hereby guarantees either the continuance in service of the permanent members of the public services of Tripura on conditions which will be no less advantageous than those on which they were serving before the date on which the administration of Tripura is made over to the Government of India or the payment of reasonable compensation.[1]
The Government of India further guarantees the continuance of pensions and leaves salaries sanctioned by the Government of His Highness the Maharaja to members of the public services of the State who have retired or proceeded on leave preparatory to retirement before the date on which the Administration of Tripura is made over to the Government of India.[1]
Which year did Manipur sign the merger agreement with India?A.1945B.1949C.1947D.1950
Which year did Manipur sign the merger agreement with India?A.1945B.1949C.1947D.1950. Ans: Hint: A princely state, also known as an aboriginal state, a feudal state or an Indian state (for those countries on the subcontinent), is a place allied with ...
Which year did Manipur sign the merger agreement with India?A.1945 B.1949 C.1947 D.1950
Last updated date: 15th Mar 2023
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Hint: A princely state, also known as an aboriginal state, a feudal state or an Indian state (for those countries on the subcontinent), is a place allied with the ruler of British India or a vassal state under an indigenous or regional ruler. Beginning in 1824, Manipur State has formed a sub-alliance with British India, so it is considered the princely state.Complete answer:Maharaja Bodhchandra Singh or Bodhachandra Singh is the last ruler of the Manipur Kingdom. He ruled from 1941 to October 15, 1949. He married seven or nine women. His first wife was Ms. Srimati Maharani Tharendra Kishori who died in 1942. She was the daughter of Prince Bodo Khimedi.
During World War, Manipur was the site of fighting between Japanese and Allied forces. Japan was defeated before the Allies entered Imphal. This was the turning point of the war. After the war, the Manipur Constitution of 1947 established a democratic form of government with the Maharaja as the elected executive and legislative director. In 1949 Maharaja Budhachandra was summoned to Shillong, the capital of India's Meghalaya province, where he signed an accession treaty incorporating the kingdom with India. The legislative assembly was then dissolved and Manipur became part of the Republic of India in October 1949. In 1956 it became a united territory and in 1972 it became a full state. Mairembam Koireng Singh was the first Prime Minister of Manipur State in 1972.
Hence, the correct answer is option (B).Note:Hyderabad is the largest state in India. Osman Ali Khan (Osman Ali Khan) is his last Nizam, he does not want to be unified with India. After joining the Union of India on November 24, 1949, it became part of the Indian Independent Organization.The Manipur Merger Agreement of 1949
The people of Manipur feel and think that India has been treating Manipur as the former’s colony, the author writes
The Manipur Merger Agreement of 1949 - the wide gap between theory and practice
The people of Manipur feel and think that India has been treating Manipur as the former’s colony, the author writes
ByMohammed Irfan Gufran
UPDATED 24 NOV 2020, 8:25 AM
Imphal, Manipur (PHOTO IFP)
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Manipur, a state in the Northeast of India, is the ancestral territory of the Manipuri people. It is bounded in the east by Myanmar (Burma). Manipur has been geo-strategically important for India. The British occupied Manipur from 1891 to 1947; to rule it and to fulfil their interest in Burma, now Myanmar, as well. During the Second World War, Manipur was a battlefront for the Axis and Allied forces; the Indian National Army claimed the territorial occupation in Manipur by unfurling its flag on 14 April 1944 at Moirang. After 1949, the Indian State upholds that Manipur was voluntarily and peacefully merged with India. This is being substantiated by the fact that on September 21, 1949, the then titular constitutional head of Manipur king Bodhachandra signed a ‘secret’ accord with the Dominion of India in Shillong. The ‘secrecy’ was not disclosed to the public until October 15, 1949, when the administration was taken over by enforcing an order known as the Manipur Administration Order (MAO).
A striking feature of the Indian political system is the wide gap between theory and practice. The Manipuri people had been painfully aware of this fact even when, in the first flush of India’s freedom, its leaders were giving lectures to the world about the historical necessity of decolonization and of granting freedom to dependent peoples. Because, in sharp contrast to their outward postures, India had annexed Manipur on 15 October 1949 and its very first official act were the dissolution of the elected State Assembly and the dismissal of the Council of Ministers. All legislative and executive powers were then concentrated in a Chief Commissioner appointed by New Delhi and he was responsible only to his masters.
The idea of a voluntary merger is refuted by those who emboss the Shillong Accord with colonial meaning. The Communist armed resistance (1949-51), rebellious assertions from the 1960s, polemical journals from 1970s, and several civil assertions from 1990s combined to formulate a theory of forced annexation by India. The annexation theory achieved a milestone in 1993 when a three-day ‘national’ seminar, held in Imphal, resolved that the ‘[Indo-Manipuri Shillong Accord] signed by and between the [king] of Manipur and the representative of the Dominion of India on September 21, 1949, did not have any legality and constitutional validity.’ The proceedings and debates of the seminar was published in 1995 under the title “Annexation of Manipur 1949”. This was followed by the circulation of a booklet entitled Why Manipuris Fight for Right to Self Determination (United National Liberation Front 1996), and Revolutionary People’s Fronts’ memorandum submitted to the United Nations Decolonisation Committee in 1996. Added to these were the eyewitness accounts of the complex and humiliating courses of ‘annexation,’ reproduced in the memoir entitled Shillong 1949, published in 2005 (Anandamohan 2005).
The Historical point of 1949The aforesaid constitutional Government continued from 1100 AD till the international conflict arose in between the Manipuris and the Burmese in the 18th and 19th centuries AD when the Manipuri king Pamheiba alias Garibaniwaj invaded Burma in the 18th century several times with as many as 30,000 warriors. A large part of the Manipur 1 territory was later ceded by the colonial power of India to Burma (now Myanmar) – the Kabo(or Kabow) Valley, that had been a part of the Manipur Territory till the early part of the 19th century. The British gave annual revenue of Rs.5,000 to the Government of Manipur on behalf of the Burmese till Indian occupation of Manipur in 1949. The Government of India, which had annexed Manipur in 1949 unlawfully and unconstitutionally, ceded the Kabo valley to Burma (present Myanmar) after signing a secret Indo-Burma Treaty in 1953. The provision of the secret treaty is not yet made known to the people of Manipur as well as to the citizens of India. The colonial government of India holds up "Right to information" to the occupied territory and people of Manipur on this account. The colonial government operates like a Mafia on Kabo Valley.
On the conclusion of the Anglo- Burmese War with the signing of the Treaty of Yandaboo on February 24, 1826, Manipur was declared independent. The Anglo Manipuri War broke out in 1891 following the arbitrary intervention by the British Crown in the internal political affairs of Manipur and the massacre of some British Officers by the infuriated mob of local people provoked earlier by the British Forces. With the victory of the British Forces, Manipur State became a vassal State under British Crown, like any other Indian Princely States, in 1891, in accordance with a proclamation of Her Majesty the Queen of England- dated August 21, 1891, whereby Her Majesty the Queen Empress of India had been pleased to forego her right to annex to Her Indian Dominion the territories of the Manipur state and had graciously assented to the reestablishment of Native rule. Under a Notification of the Governor-General of India dated September 18, 1891, the Sanad was granted to the Raja of Manipur, late made Maharaja of Manipur.
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